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Home » Study report

Our latest study reports

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  • Publications
  • Study reports
Study report
New Chimney Design with diffusor for increased draft and elimination of positive pressure

Modern power plant chimneys can suffer from positive pressure especially in hot climates. Exponent has developed a design modification for the New Chimney Design to eliminate this problem.

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STEAG Energy Services releases study on economics of wet stack modifications

It is more and more important for coal fired power stations in Europe to maximize their operational efficiency and minimize their emissions. A study by STEAG shows that under some conditions, eliminating reheat and modifying the chimney for wet stack operation can bring economical and environmental advantages.

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New Chimney Design 2.0 - Brick, steel, FRP flue vs PennguardTM lined concrete shell, detailed chimney designs

A group of German specialists designed and engineered a concrete chimney, protected directly by the PennguardTM Block Lining System, known as the New Chimney Design. This report compares detailed chimney designs with traditional concrete chimneys with brick, steel and FRP flue and the New Chimney Design.

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New Chimney Design resistant to strong earthquakes

The report entitled “Performance of PennguardTM Lined Tall Reinforced Concrete Chimney Structures in the 2010 Chilean Earthquake“ summarises the findings of a field study to investigate the performance of four tall reinforced PennguardTM lined concrete chimneys which were subject to significant ground shaking during the 2010 Mw8.8 Chilean earthquake event.

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PennguardTM linings, seismic test performance

The report entitled “PennguardTM linings, seismic test performance“ describes a laboratory study into the tolerance of the PennguardTM Block Lining System for crack formation in a concrete substrate.

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Wet Stack Constructions – Condensation Analysis

Wet stacks have gained popularity worldwide as the use of Flue Gas Desulfurization (FGD) systems has increased and many owners have decided not to reheat the water saturated flue gas emitted by the wet FGD system.

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PennguardTM Stack Liner Material for Wet Stacks – An Evaluation

The report entitled “PennguardTM stack liner material for Wet Stacks – An evaluation” describes a laboratory study into the properties of PennguardTM linings, when used in water saturated, Wet Stack environments.

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Chimney fires - PennguardTM linings protect chimneys against fire

A number of power plant chimneys have suffered from severe fire damage over the past 20 years. The risk of catastrophic fires is even more relevant today as large amounts of combustible construction materials are used in Flue Gas Desulfurization (FGD) systems.

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Testing the influence of rapid temperature changes on the PennguardTM 55 Block Lining System

This report describes a laboratory study into the temperature cycling resistance of the PennguardTM Block Lining System, when using Type 55 PennguardTM Blocks.

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TÜV Rheinland Health and Safety Study during a large scale PennguardTM installation

In 2014, two experts of TÜV Rheinland visited Kusile Power Station, South Africa, during a large scale PennguardTM installation to perform a safety audit.

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HadekTM applications

  • New steel chimneys / flues
  • Existing chimneys
  • Ducts
Power plant chimney
FGD power plant

Chimney technology

  • FGD Wet Stack
  • New Chimney Design
  • Wet-Ready Guide Vanes
  • Top Diffusor
  • 45 Degree High Velocity pattern

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